The common cold is a viral infection of the nose, sinuses, throat, and windpipe, and it's primarily caused by viruses. While over 200 different viruses can lead to a cold, rhinoviruses are the most common culprits, responsible for up to 50% of cases. Other viruses that can cause colds include coronaviruses (different from the one that causes COVID-19), adenoviruses, and enteroviruses.
Colds spread easily from person to person through several routes:
* Airborne droplets When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even talks, they release tiny droplets containing the virus into the air. If you breathe in these droplets, the virus can infect you.
* Direct contact You can catch a cold by having hand-to-hand contact with someone who has the virus.
* Contaminated surfaces Viruses can live on surfaces for several hours. If you touch a contaminated object (like a doorknob, shared dishes, or toys) and then touch your eyes, nose, or mouth, you can become infected.
Several factors can increase your risk of catching a cold:
* Age Infants and young children are more susceptible to colds, especially if they are in childcare settings.
* Weakened immune system If your immune system is compromised due to a long-term illness, you have a higher risk.
* Time of year Colds are more prevalent in the fall and winter months.
* Exposure Being in crowded places like schools or airplanes can increase your chances of exposure.
* Smoking Smoking or being exposed to secondhand smoke also raises your risk.