The exact number of Christians in China is difficult to determine due to varying estimates from different sources. The Chinese government reported over 44 million Christians in 2018, with 38 million Protestants and 6 million Catholics. However, some international Christian organizations estimate the number to be significantly higher, potentially exceeding 100 million, largely due to unregistered "house" churches. Other estimates suggest between 85 to 128 million Christians, or 6% to 9% of the population.
The CIA World Factbook's 2021 estimates indicate that 5.1% of the population follows Christianity. Earlier surveys in the early 21st century also estimated around 2.53% of the population as Christian.
Beyond Christianity, China is home to a diverse range of religions:
* Unaffiliated/Non-religious: A significant portion of the population, estimated at 52.1% in 2021, is unaffiliated with any religion.
* Chinese Folk Religion: This is widely practiced, with estimates from 2021 showing 21.9% of the population adhering to it. Some surveys suggest up to 80% of the population practices some form of folk religion.
* Buddhism: This is a major religion in China, with 18.2% of the population identifying as Buddhist in 2021.
* Islam: Muslims constitute about 1.8% of the population.
* Taoism: While a smaller percentage (0.7% in 2021) identify with Taoism directly, many more have participated in Taoist activities.
* Other Religions: This category includes a variety of beliefs and practices. Confucianism is also a significant philosophical and, for some, religious identity, especially within the intellectual class.
The Chinese government officially recognizes five religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism, Protestantism, and Islam. All religious institutions are required to operate under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and promote "Religious Sinicization."